Vascular & Venous Disease
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)
FMD makes the artery wall grow unevenly — small bulges and narrowings in a row, the classic 'string of beads.' It is not plaque, and it most often affects the kidney and neck arteries in women.
This is a free, plain-language patient education guide written by Rias Ali, MD, FACC, a board-certified interventional cardiologist. Every guide is grounded in current peer-reviewed evidence and major society guidelines, organized in a way patients can actually use during a visit.
Download the Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) guide
What's inside this guide
- Plain-language explanation of fibromuscular dysplasia (fmd)
- Why it matters and what the major risks are
- Treatment options with risks, benefits, and alternatives
- Common misconceptions clarified
- Lifestyle and self-care advice
- Specific warning signs — when to call us, when to call 911
- Sources used to build the guide (peer-reviewed and society guidelines)